Health Campaign Essay

Wellbeing Campaign three on diabetes serves to execute change in populace wellbeing. The primary focal point of this introduction is on proposals for executing and evaluating the adjustment in populace. The introduction is to examine the different prescribed usage to improve the strength of diabetic populace by tending to the social, financial and social components. The paper likewise suggests various methodologies set up for the diabetic populace, for example, the projects, arrangements, laws, and natural perspectives for surveying the wellbeing and health of the objective populace. The paper delivers a few moves identified with improving the strength of the diabetic patients by analyzing the worldwide ramifications, ecological elements and illness avoidance. At last the paper sums up the study of disease transmission and other information models utilized by the directors for dynamic and to envision future patterns. Broad communications battles are the medicines dependent on broad c ommunications channels to introduce subjects about the physical movement to large and indistinct crowd. These battles are introduced to upgrade mindfulness and information on the increases of the physical movement, and convictions about the physical action, modify physical action conduct in diabetic populaces. The topic can be channelized by means of as paper, leaflets, manuals, radio, TV, and sites or in a blend. Social encouraging groups of people for diabetes utilizing web and portable applications. Social encouraging groups of people utilizes versatile applications for diabetes, for example, M-wellbeing for the day by day checking and self-administration of diabetes (Chomutare, et al., 2013). Monetary components incorporate familiarity with the immediate clinical expense and aberrant clinical expense for diabetic administration is significant for the populace. Direct clinical cost which is the normal clinical consumptions among individuals determined to have diabetes is twice as higher than the individuals without diabetes. Circuitous expense is in excess of 69 billion which incorporates the expense for inability, work misfortune, and unexpected passing (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Building multifaceted connections by one to oneâ interaction interfaces each other in a socially various network. Building relationship with individuals from various societies including the minority populace is the key in building differing network that are sufficiently amazing to accomplish the objectives. Bringing nature of social insurance into socially various network by durable and caring connections dependent on the trust, understanding and shared objectives (Noll, 2012). National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP) works with accomplices to lessen the weight of diabetes and to forestall or defer the beginning of type-2 diabetes and its intricacies utilizing demonstrated methodologies. National Diabetes Prevention Program associations with network associations, back up plans, medicinal services associations, businesses and administrative organizations. The National Program to Eliminate Diabetes Related Disparities in defenseless populace help network accomplices in arranging, sorting out, creating, actualizing and assessing network based intercessions to diminish the occurrence of diabetes. National Public Health Institution on Diabetes and Women’s Health upgrades ways to deal with improve access and nature of care for ladies with gestational diabetes. Street to Health is intended for African American and Hispanics in danger for type-2 diabetes, which is a network outreach program fortifying the counteraction or deferral of diabetes. Laws on dietary names give data on starch checking and assists with contrasting nourishments and with settle on better decisions. Food marks can be fundamental instrument for diabetic feast arranging (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Natural and strategy approaches are intended to advance chances, offer help, and reminds individuals to be all the more truly dynamic. Upgraded spaces for physical movement includes an endeavor to change the current condition to make physical exercises, such changes incorporate creation strolling trails, advancing activity offices, and giving access to existing close by offices. Ecological alteration for making walkable networks, increments physical movement levels by improvement of sufficient path, walkways, person on foot spaces to bicycle, run, and walk. The land use approaches and practices include the endeavors of arranging and social insurance experts to change the physical condition of urban zone to help physical exercises. The la nd use approaches should bolster improvement of ecofriendly spaces, expanded feeling of network, and expanded customer decisions for spots to lessen pressure. Transportation and travel approaches will encourages strolling, bicycling and utilization of publicâ transportation. Additionally, expanded stopping cost will advance the utilization of open transportation (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). The worldwide ascent in the non-transferable ailment presents a gigantic test out in the open and private human services areas. With unpredictable and variable determinants of wellbeing non-transmittable sickness like diabetes is evaluated to expand the worldwide weight of malady and passing rates. Diabetes represents in excess of fifteen level of National Health care Budgets, and practically triple the human services assets. A considerable lot of the nations have improved the social insurance foundation which is divided, yet at the same time it remains deficiently subsidized and non-operational. Ecological difficulties incorporate the absence of activity, weight, quick Westernization of low and center salary nations and changes in diet propensities (Tjota, et al., 2011). Empowering open mindfulness about sound eating regimen, and elevating physi cal action encourages to defeat the difficulties. Another test is the deficient workforce in the general wellbeing division, absence of satisfactory preparing on the ailment avoidance and social insurance advancement. At last there is no enough proof based exploration materials to help the general social insurance for sickness anticipation and human services advancement. Making an interpretation of Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) is a theoretical model that utilizes Donabedian’s worldview to draw the connections among different factors, for example, the framework factors, procedure of care and human services result. The model is utilized for dynamic in diabetes medicines, distinguish boundaries and better consideration results for the individuals with diabetes. This model is propelled by Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Group of three model is a partner concentrate in which the framework factors incorporate structure of the medicinal services framework, infection the executives steps, referral care and the board, installment administrations and motivating forces, cost-regulation advances and utiliza tion of data framework. During the time spent consideration the model uses HbA1c testing, lipid testing, retinal assessments, small scale albuminuria testing, yearly foot assessments, and remedy of headache medicine. The wellbeing result desires incorporate the glycemic control, circulatory strain control, usage and cost control, the board of wellbeing status and side effects, that incorporates cardiovascular malady, renal illness, retinopathy, and cholesterol control (Translating Disease Into Action for Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011). End Diabetes has become a pestilence that keeps on rising and become the seventh driving reason for death among the populace. Government, state, and neighborhood organizations have set different observation frameworks and prescribes to survey how diabetes influence the network and the particular focused on populace. Diabetes as a general medical problem is lined up with the broadly recognized wellbeing target of Healthy People 2010 and keeps on tending to the issue with improved strategies for counteraction and control of the illness. The introduction suggested usage of the battle for diabetes dependent on the social, financial, and social elements. It additionally uncovered the different methodologies taken by strategy producers, division of law, different diabetes programs, and natural perspectives included. The introduction surveyed different difficulties in improving the populace wellbeing. At long last the introduction summed up the TRIAD model utilized by the administrators for dyn amic purposes and to envision the future needs. Reference Places for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Diabetes Health Resource. Recovered from http://cdc.gov/diabetes/status/us/index.htm. Chomutare, T., Tatara, N., Ã… rsand, E., and Hartvigsen, G. (2013). Structuring a diabetes portable application with informal organization support. Studies In Health Technology And Informatics, 18858-64. Noll, K. E. (2012). Social diabetes. (Request No. 1519974, University of Denver). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 86. Recovered from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112475764?accountid=458. Tjota, M. Y., Kozak, B. M., Chang, E. M., Wu, V. L., and Close, K. L. (2011). Diary of Diabetes NEWS. Diary Of Diabetes, 3(3), 174-181. doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00140.x Translating Disease Into Action for Diabetes Fact Sheet. (2011). Diabetes Public Health Resource. Recovered from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ventures/research.htm.

Roles of Human Resource in Managing Employee Expectation

Edvard Grieg’s Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King :: Art

Edvard Grieg’s Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King At the point when one thinks about the Romantic authors, the names Beethoven, Wagner, Chopin, or Liszt ring a bell. Looking much further into the period one sees the names of patriot arrangers like Glinka, Tchaikovsky, and Smetana. Lamentably, there are as yet numerous arrangers of the Romantic time whose music is known, however for reasons unknown there names have become separated from that point music. Edvard Grieg, a Norwegian patriot arranger, is one of these men. Numerous individuals would know Grieg’s work â€Å"In the Hall of the Mountain King† in the event that they heard it, however would be not able to reveal to you who had composed it or where the work starts from. Regardless of his absence of popularity in today’s world, his music despite everything is a prime case of the Romantic time frame and inclinations. Two works specifically are â€Å"Morning Mood† and â€Å"In the Hall of the Mountain King†, both from his Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, i n spite of their clashing styles. Edvard Grieg is thought of in the music field as an image of Norway. He was conceived in Bergen, Norway on June fifteenth, 1843 the fourth of five youngsters. Music intrigued Grieg since early on and at six years old he started piano exercises with his mom. His mom, Gescine Hagerup, was known as the best piano instructor in Bergen and drove him solidly, however affectionately into the music field. At fifteen years old in October of 1858, Grieg left to go to the Leipzig Music Conservatory. He didn't have a simple time at the studio. During his time there, Grieg endured an assault of pleurisy that made perpetual harm one of his lungs. He likewise had issues with the institutional idea of the school. Be that as it may, notwithstanding the hardships he confronted, he moved on from Leipzig at Easter in 1862 with good grades. After graduation, Grieg moved to Copenhagen to expand his melodic extension. While in Copenhagen he met individuals that would become long lasting companions and symbols. One of Grieg’s first symbols, which he met in Copenhagen, was Niels W. Gade, the principal incredible Scandinavian writer. Another of Grieg’s symbols was Rikard Nordaak, a kindred Norwegian, whose energy for everything Norwegian was moved to Grieg. One of the most notable individuals he met in Copenhagen was his cousin Nina Hagerup. They were covertly occupied with 1864 and hitched by 1867.

Health Care Provider

Question: Examine the correlation between Christianity to that of Buddhism. Buddhism Spiritual Perspective on Healing. Contrast of Spiritual Beliefs between social insurance supplier and patients. Answer: Presentation A medicinal services supplier for the most part comes into contact with the distinctive patient who has a place with various religions on a regular premise. It is basic for the parental figures to comprehend the fundamental parts of every one of the beliefs in order to give the conceivable consideration to all the patients. Therefore, it likewise imperative to get some information about the confidence and the pretended by every confidence in their human services as it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to be familiar with everything about every religion. The report gives a review about the relationship of Buddhism with Christianity and how it is connected with wellbeing and mending (Bergamo White, 2015) The lessons, which are identified with Buddhism, are summed up basically based on do great, reflect and do no damage. Both Buddhism and Christianity prescribe their supporters to follow mending. Buddhists, from one perspective makes certainty by means of contemplation that thusly is imperative for the mending of the people. Then again, makes certainty through imploring. This thus, offers certainty to the people that God will recuperate. Perspective Question One of the most significant overall inquiries is prime reality that is identified with disclosure of the individual God in the Holy Scriptures. As per this, the God is triune, incomparable, acceptable and inalienable. The subsequent inquiry manages the idea of our general surroundings. It shows that the world around is a synthetic machine that is made by a clever creator for a reason. The perspective inquiry likewise manages the way that what befalls a human in the afterlife. As such, when a body of a human kicks the bucket it returns to the residue of debasement. The likelihood to know anything at all is another kind of perspective inquiry that is for the most part the idea for all establishment (Murray, 2014). Distinctive conviction frameworks Examination between Christianity to that of Buddhism Christianity Buddhism Christians have confidence in God as the maker of everything in this world. They accept that individual are regular by God not since of activities however for the individual as a rule (Child of God) Buddhism is a perspective of life that is lecture by Gautama Buddha Gautama Buddha live just as prepared in Northern India in sixth century B.C. On God There is simply one verifiable God in Christianity It is alluded since I am who I am If there should arise an occurrence of Buddhism, unique Buddhist way of thinking instills in mystical world-see Afterward, Godly figures were presented On Salvation Redemption isn't absolutely founded on exertion It is considered as freed blessing to all who trust Jesus Christ as their rescuer Buddhism considers as Man lives in his own destiny just as ought not accuse others if there should arise an occurrence of any troublesome circumstance. It is required to work alone for achievement of salvation On Eternal Life Unending Life in heaven is guarantee to each individuals who accept this at no cost present of Salvation There is everlasting living in Buddhism People can't be certain enough what his next life will wind up being Whole thing rely on Karma dependent on his current life On Love Book of scriptures is filled by God lessons with adoration towards every single individual It is referenced in the holy book that He sent his solitary Son to pass on for our wrongdoings In Buddhism, there is no specific God for adoring just as dealing with its kin Otherworldly Perspective on Healing Wellbeing just as illness considered as basic encounters in human life and one of the unique worry of religion. Religion maintains estimation of prosperity just as wellbeing for giving important life to upgrading wellbeing and managing individual powerlessness to ailment, irritation and agony. Christianity Spiritual Perspective on Healing Profound recuperating is accepted for channelizing mending as vitality from God to individual from people. This direct is typically from a self however the premise of recuperating is by God (Northcott, 2011). A portion of the critical things that will help in creating profound way of life are as per the following: Support in chapel love on normal premise Perusing just as interceding Bible sacred texts Supplicating routinely Investing energy with God and helping other people out of luck Buddhism Spiritual Perspective on Healing Buddhist perspective is all encompassing in nature just as accepted as reliance of all shared molded circumstances and end results. From Buddhist point of view, extraordinary body incorporates both appearance and structure in light of past Kamma (Graham, 2011). As indicated by Buddhism, presence is solely saved for narcissistic just as self indulgence for individuals. Buddhism supports utilizing body for higher reason for achievement of most significant standard known as nibbana. Buddhism sees physical wellbeing for constituition of typical working of body just as interrelated organs. Basic Components of Healing On basic examination, it is discovered that Buddha empowers his supporters in taking care of debilitated individuals. He stated, He who goes to the wiped out goes to me. Despite what might be expected, scriptural records of Jesus life and lessons rehash with references in mending others pains. Buddhism and Healthcare Lessons of Buddha speeded in India in and all through Asia. It sums up certain contemporary rules in related medical problems. Hence, Buddhism weights on moral obligation just as inspiration from statutes on preparing standards. This incorporates: Diet Fasting Ablutions and Toilet Blood Transfusion Family Planning Transplantation Christianity and Healthcare Supplications have demonstrated noteworthy effect in recuperating people in examination with clinical investigations. A portion of the analyses show beneficial outcome of supplications and postulations are as per the following: Coronary episodes Nervousness Hypertension Wounds Migraines Distinction of Spiritual Beliefs between human services supplier and patients As indicated by the individual who has a place with Buddhism, his confidence varies totally from the medicinal services supplier who has a place with Christianity. The individual will put a solid accentuation on care. All things considered, he may demand for harmony and calm so as to ruminate when he will be in torment. In any case, the medicinal services supplier will concentrate on basically holy observances and endowments. As indicated by the social insurance supplier, ceremonies and favors are significant when the patient will be in torment. The person who has a place with Buddhism is carefully veggie lover that is, the Buddhist carefully will not devour any meat and creature result. They are even against any medicine that is led by utilizing creatures. The social insurance supplier, then again who follows Christianity will demand non-meat eats less carbs during the hour generally winter that is forty days before the Ester celebration. Otherworldly Learning Applied to Health Care Provider The human services suppliers here mirror the doctors just as therapists and different experts that help in otherworldly gaining from the perspective of mortality, adapting and recuperation. These human services suppliers give the clinical consideration while concentrating on the otherworldly consideration for the patients also to give less pain in the physical brain for physical wellbeing. Mortality The social insurance suppliers utilize the idea of otherworldly learning dependent on the expanded rate of the illness. It has been seen that the patients who are speculated dependent on strict duties may help in keep up pressure control as well as offers better methods for dealing with stress, quality of individual qualities and happier social support(GualdaniPegoli, 2014). Adapting Then again, method for dealing with stress is the best approach to empower patients have an uplifting viewpoint and a superior personal satisfaction that not just feature the fundamental piece of existential space yet additionally gives otherworldly convictions that help the patients to adapt to infection and demise. For instance, the patients with cutting edge malignancy get comfort from strict and otherworldly convictions so they can fall back on more joyful and fulfilled lives with less torment. Be that as it may, medicinal services suppliers bolster the patients by supporting them and by furnishing them with individual petition system for controlling torments brought about by the agony drug, infusions, contact or massage(Walton, 2012). Recuperation At the point when the wellbeing supplier guarantees profound responsibility the recuperation found in the patients from the ailment is uncommon in light of the fact that for the patients otherworldliness some place empowers them to stress less. Additionally, the intensity of expectation and positive reasoning is the portal from the agony that a patient has. In any case, as indicated by Benson, to meet the patient doctor relationship it is significant that there are sure convictions and desire from the piece of patients just as doctors independent of the religion. In addition, reflection is the other practice that not just gives expectation and feeling of recuperation to medicinal services suppliers however feature the feeling of recuperation to medications like sleep deprivation, incessant agony, gloom, premenstrual condition, nervousness, threatening vibe, and infertility(King, et al., 2013). End To finish up, it very well may be said that there are alternate points of view to various religions however when we think about Buddhism and Christianity, there are various stances that feature the strict effectiveness. In spite of the fact that, Christianity is the religion that puts stock in parts of profound mending yet Buddhism, then again, gives the different possibilities to otherworldly recuperating and care like contemplation. Be that as it may, social insurance suppliers somewhat likewise put stock in the idea of profound learning since it comprehends the association of strict intuition with the patients wellbeing. Henceforth, the doctor persistent

Victim Blaming

As per the Canadian Resource Center for Victims of Crime, casualty accusing can be characterized as â€Å"a degrading act that happens when the victim(s) of a wrongdoing or a mishap is considered dependable †in entire or to a limited extent †for the violations that have been carried out against them†. It can show up in types of negative social reaction from legitimate associations (legal advisors, police, and so forth ) or from the victim’s group of friends (companions, family, school, and so on. ) towards the wrongdoing that has happened. For our situation, the wrongdoing that has happened or, all the more precisely, may happen is rape.The test question subtextually sends this message: â€Å"If you would prefer not to be assaulted, don't carry on along these lines. On the off chance that you don't act along these lines, assault won't occur. † If we need to stop assault, would it be advisable for us to not, rather, show attackers the unsoundness of nonc onsensual (sex while affected by liquor doesn't consider consensual sex, clarified in the following section)? On the off chance that we continue advising our ladies to conceal and stay away from ‘trouble’, we are making no endeavor to stop the assaulter. We can't continually advise ladies to flee when we are making no, or little, endeavor to teach the men.We continually offer conditions to assault: on the off chance that she was flushed, strolling around alone around evening time, wearing apparel considered ‘provocative’, and so forth then it isn't assault. Now and again, the casualty is in a smashed state and along these lines can't give appropriate assent. This is the point at which they are exploited and are assaulted. Nonetheless, when somebody is tanked they are ignorant of their environmental factors and hence unconscious of their activities. We can't censure somebody for getting assaulted while alcoholic. I concur that they ought not become inebriate d in any case, yet they are not answerable for another individual’s activities.

Tips For Writing Reflective Essays

Tips For Writing Reflective EssaysAny reflective essay can be made into a great deal more by including the use of samples in it. In a reflective essay, you should use the examples to create your own reflections. Sample essays that contain sample questions and answers can be great source of reference for your essay. This will help in making your essay stand out from other that you will encounter while writing your reflective essay.Make sure that you include samples in your reflective essay. The samples should be meaningful and illuminating enough for you to find them beneficial. This will make it easier for you to remember the information when you look back at the essay later. For example, if you are writing a reflective essay on the different types of actors that is famous for a certain role, you should include sample information about many different actors that played the same role.There are hundreds of examples of these samples available on the internet. You can also make use of bo oks such as 'How to Write a Reflective Essay' to find them. You can even check for sample essays on your local library.In order to create the sample, make sure that you actually do know the information about the sample. In your sample, try to not put information in the right area. For example, you may write an essay on the 'uniqueness' of Vladimir Putin. Try to keep the information relevant to your essay.To make the best of your reflective essay, you need to keep in mind the following tips. The first tip is to make sure that you focus on one aspect of your essay. That way, it will be easier for you to remember the information.The second tip is to write the sample from your own point of view. What is interesting and important in your life? This information will be helpful in making your reflections interesting.The third tip is to take into consideration the time that you have for completing the sample. Try to include all the information in the sample in the time that you have allotte d. The more information that you can provide, the better it will be for you to remember the information.The fourth tip is to make sure that you include all the details of the sample in your essay. The more information that you can provide in your sample, the better it will be for you to remember the information in the sample.

Ivy Leagues Release Early-Acceptance Rates

Many students who applied for early decision/action to Ivy League schools can stop checking their mail for their acceptance letters. Nearly every Ivy League university has reported the number of applicants who were accepted early this year, according to a Business Insider article. Harvard had the lowest acceptance rate, with just 14.5% of applicants receiving acceptance letters, versus 14.8% last year. Applications were up 5% over last year, increasing from 6,167 to 6.473. All of the Ivy League schools reported an increase in applications this year. Princeton had the largest jump – 4,229 last year to 5,003 this year – an 18% increase. Early applications come with conditions. Harvard, Princeton, and Yale are restrictive early-action schools. This means that students can only apply early to one school, but have until May to accept. In contrast, Brown, Columbia (which does not announce acceptance statistics), Cornell, Dartmouth, and University of Pennsylvania are all early-decision schools. Students who apply early to these schools must go there if they get accepted. Here are this year’s early decision/action acceptance stats for each Ivy League school: Are you aiming for admission at an Ivy League university (or any other top school)? Check out our College Admissions Consulting Services for  1-on-1 guidance for every step of the admissions process. Been rejected from a top program? Take a look at our Rejection Review Service, where well help you understand what went wrong so you can reapply with confidence and get accepted! hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'd81c5687-dd01-4648-93b4-33d2ae163735', {}); Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top colleges and universities for 25 years. Our team of admissions consultants features former admissions committee members and highly experienced college admissions consultants who have guided our clients to admission at top programs including Princeton, Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, MIT, University of Chicago, and Yale. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Preparing for College in High School: A To-Do List for Eleventh Graders, a free guide †¢ How to Choose a College Admissions Consultant †¢ 10 Reflections on Teacher Recommendations

Market Share Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2540 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? The objective of this essay is to examine the current marketing strategy and marketing activities of one of the big 4 supermarkets in the United Kingdom with particular reference to the adverse effect produced by low cost competitors entering the market. For this purpose, Tesco has been selected. Tesco represents one of Britains largest and most profitable supermarket, which overtook ASDA in 1995 and continued to increase its market share through the years (Corporate Watch, 2004; Ruddick, 2015). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Market Share Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order In addition, Tesco was the first supermarket to (1) introduce value lines and cost effective price range of its own-label products and (2) present the first company loyalty card on the market (Corporate Watch, 2004). Therefore, it becomes plausible to suggest that the company is an excellent choice for a marketing strategy analysis in the current declining grocery retail environment of British brands. The structure of this essay is as follows: (1) a brief overview of Tescos generic marketing strategy, (2) an in-depth evaluation of the supermarkets existent marketing actions and tactics with the aid of the its marketing mix, (3) the impact of low cost competitors, (4) recommendations and suggestions for improvement, and (5) a summary of the main findings. The supermarkets broad market strategy can be categorised as market penetration and cost leadership. Firstly, market penetration has been defined by Ansoff (1957) to explain one of four business growth strategies. The strategy ref ers to involves attracting new customers, often achieved by gaining competitors customer base(s), in order to increase sales. Furthermore, Farris et al. (2010) identify two important metrics of market penetration penetration rate and penetration share. On the one hand, the penetration rate refers to the proportion of the relevant study population that has purchased the examined product category. On the other hand, the comparison between the brands customer shares with the markets overall customer population relates to penetration share. In relation to this, a key aspect in Tescos market strategy is attracting competitors customers (e.g. ASDA, Sainsbury, Morrisons), which is evidenced by its increased market penetration rate and share from 7.2% in 1971 to its peak in 2007 when Tesco accounted for 31.1% of the total UK grocery market share (Economics Help, 2014). In addition, according to data from March the current market share of Tesco is 28.7%, which positions the company as a mar ket share leader in the British groceries industry, however, this figure has decreased from the previous financial years (Kantar, 2015). Secondly, before the introduction of discount supermarkets, the company focused on cost leadership, which represents one of the three generic strategies devised by Porter (1980). Cost leadership relates to increasing ones market share through attracting price sensitive customers and implementing an effective price strategy that enables the company to offer the lowest cost product offerings. Tesco successfully managed to maintain cost leadership through three actions before supermarkets like Aldi and Lidl entered the British grocery retail market. These actions were as follow: (1) high utilisation of assets, meaning that large outputs are produced and the fixed costs are spread over high quantities allowing the company to manufacture single units at lower costs; (2) minimal direct and indirect costs in the production and distribution stages; and (3) strict control over the supply chain to ensure low costs (Gamble et al., 2010). Thus, the cost leadership strategy was an appropriate approach for Tesco, because it represents a large company that is able to take advantage of the economies of scale in the market. Nevertheless, presently the company is unsuccessful in maintaining its cost leadership due to the strong presence of budget supermarkets. The following part of the essay will specifically focus on the Marketing mix of Tesco product, place, price, promotion, which provides a better understanding of the companys present marketing strategy. Firstly, Tesco offers its target segments a wide range of high quality products at affordable prices. The balance between affordability and quality as well as Tescos Clubcard helped the company attain a relatively high level of competitive advantage (Winterman, 2013). Some of its various product categories consist of food, consumer electronics, financial services and clothing. This is in consistency with the findings from a study on customer perceived value, where four separate dimensions emerged explaining customer attitudes and behaviours emotional, social, quality and value for money (Sweeney and Soutar, 2001). Similarly, FernÃÆ' ¡ndez and Iniesta-Bonillo (2007) found that customers evaluate relevant benefits and costs involved in a purchase based on economic and cognitive reasoning. Secondly, the place element of the marketing mix refers to the distribution of products in locations where customers purchase products and services. In relation to this, Tesco emphasises product and service distribution in two main locations online and offline. On the one hand, the online sales channel is directly linked to Tescos website Tesco Direct, which suits the specific needs of the online shoppers presenting them with various delivery options (Tesco Direct, 2015). On the other hand, the offline channel of distribution involves four different store formats Tesc o Express, Tesco Metro, Tesco Compact and Tesco Superstore (Tesco Official website, 2015). Furthermore, Tescos initial pricing strategy can be characterised as price leadership, which represented an oligopolistic business behaviour, where there are a few companies that dominate the market and determine the price range (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). The reason behind this price strategy adoption was the intense competition and other economic and behavioural factors in the British households i.e. cost conscious buyers (Business CafÃÆ' ©, 2009). Nonetheless, the company is no longer a price leader, but its pricing approach is still based on the marketing message Every Little Helps. In addition, Tesco is able to implement this strategy and remain to influence the retail market to a certain extent, because it evaluates and utilises the lowest cost materials for supply to achieve higher efficiency rates in the production processes. Fourthly, Tescos promotion comprises of a wide ra nge of media advertisements, regular announcements of promotions and discounts, point-of-sale marketing tactics, and sponsorships. These marketing activities are aligned with the companys generic strategy of cost leadership and support Tescos price advantage through profit maximisation in the long run as well as enhance the value of the brand. Hence, Tescos marketing communications are integrated to enable the company to better coordinate its mission, vision, objectives and interactivity with customers. With the aid of information technology advances (Zabkar et al., 2015). Integrated Marketing Communications were also found to generate a synergy effect through the integration of marketing activities, which also tremendously influences customers through different channels of communications reinforcing the same message (Ewing et al. 2015) Tesco has successfully managed to build loyalty in its customer segments through its most effective customer loyalty mechanism the Tesco Clubcard ( Tesco Clubcard, 2015). In relation to this, Hallowell (1996) found a direct correlation between customer satisfaction, loyalty and company profitability. Likewise, Lee-Kelley et al. (2003) suggest that customer retention tools not only aim to increase the companys profitability, but also establish long term relationships between sellers and buyers, which are fundamental to customer loyalty and also result in decreased levels of price sensitivity. Tescos marketing strategy, which comprises of cost leadership and market penetration, has been increasingly impacted by the presence of the foreign grocery store chains Aldi and Lidl as well as food commodity prices and the outcome of this has been continuous price cuts by Tesco to meet the customer demand for low cost product offerings (Butler and Wood, 2014). Furthermore, the authors suggest that further intensification of the market dynamics is caused by the growth of high street convenience stores and the rise of discounters (e.g. Po undland and BM), which is directly correlated to the altered consumer behaviour habits during the recession. In addition, business analysis of the current grocery retail market conditions suggest that Aldi and Lidls combined market share will increase to 12%-15% by 2020 (Allison, 2015). Nevertheless, according to a press release by KPMG (2014), it will be difficult for discount brands to fully challenge and erode the market of the big four, because grocery retail chains like Tesco command the store network market penetration and their market shares have existed for nearly 10 years. In relation to Tescos marketing mix and the intense price competition and dynamics in the market, two main recommendations can be made for Tesco to regain its lost market ground increased customer retention and an optimisation of its supply chain management to successfully recover its price leadership status. Due to the current intense competitiveness in the retail and food industry and the emergence of competitively low cost foreign supermarket chains, Tesco should firstly focus on increased levels of customer retention through the incorporation of effective customer relationship management systems. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of customer satisfaction in relationship marketing and customer retention. Specifically, Hennig-Thurau and Klee (1998) conceptualise relationship quality which refers to the extent of appropriateness of a relationship to fulfil the needs and requirements of a customer with regards to the relationship. One way to do this is further integrate the Tesco Clubcard to present loyal customers with various financial product offerings besides current accounts, mortgages and home insurance (Tesco Clubcard Perks, 2015). This will form relationships based on two factors quality and value-for-money, which will translate into loyalty and protect the company from switching customers. In order to adequately target and foster loyalty in the right cu stomer base(s), Tesco should understand which customer satisfaction elements have the greatest impact, and the amount of investments required to improve particular customer satisfaction elements (Rust and Zahorik, 1993). The second recommendation for marketing strategy enhancement is directly related to Tescos supply chain management, which will enable the company to regain its lost market share through becoming a cost leader. Fearne (2009) suggests that in the current business context, companies must pursue a value chain as opposed to a supply chain, which represents a chain of activities performed, in order to deliver valuable products and services to customers. There are two elements that are emphasised in value chains: (1) focus on demand pull, which places customers first and everything else subordinate to their needs and (2) concentration on the formation of collaborative relationships with suppliers. According to the author, these two actions enable corporations and large organisations to achieve competitive edge and sustain it over time. For Tesco this would mean careful selection of suppliers and establishment of collaboration opportunities with these suppliers and stakeholders to increase the value added to the processes and/or production. For example, in Wales the company can form relationships with local farms to purchase the highest quality meat and, once supplier loyalty takes place, discount prices can be demanded from the meat producers in exchange for continuous bulk buying. This will allow Tesco to present its customers with quality local meat at low prices, which will positively influence its lost cost leadership presence in the market. To conclude, the present work established that Tescos generic marketing strategy is dual regular market penetration to attract competitions customers and cost leadership to retain price sensitive and cost conscious customers. In terms of its extended marketing mix, notable actions are: (1) offering a w ide range of product categories, from which groceries remain the most popular category, tremendously contributing to the Tescos market leadership position, (2) alignment of marketing messages, communication and relative pricing, (3) various marketing and advertising activities, but the integral one remaining the loyalty card, and (4) simplicity and convenience with regards to shopping alternatives and store design. Following the discussion of Tescos extended marketing mix, two areas for improvement were recommended an increased emphasis on customer retention and loyalty through novel customer relationship management mechanisms and the development of a supply chain that adds value to the manufacturing processes through collaborative relationships. It is important that Tesco understands its customers needs and suppliers requirements, because the competition in the grocery retail industry has never been more severe due to business environments being dictated by the customers and the s uppliers. In other words, market orientation is no longer dominated by supply push exchanges and transactions, but by devising marketing strategies and promotions based on customer research and feedback. References Allison, I. (2015), Aldi and Lidl to consume 4% more of Tesco, Morrison, Asda and Sainsburys marketshare by 2020, [Online], Available at: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/aldi-lidl-consume-4-more-tesco-morrison-asda-sainsburys-marketshare-by-2020-1505572?bcsi_scan_F872AB84FAA8A40E=3KZ+wD5+BA0QaUGyNZBt2R7iyyFnAAAAAe/zaw== Ansoff, I. H. (1957), Strategies for diversification, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, p. 113-124. Business CafÃÆ' © (2009), Tesco pricing strategy The big price drop, [Online], Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/assets/cafe/1011-tescopricing.pdf Butler, S. and Wood, Z. (2014), UK grocery sales in decline for first time in 20 years, [Online], Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/18/uk-grocery-sales-decline-price-war-asda-sainsburys-morrisons-tesco Corporate Watch, (2004), Tesco: Overview, [Online], Available at: https://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/company-profiles/tesco-overview Economics Help (2014), UK Grocery Market Sh are, [Online], Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6288/economics/uk-grocery-market-share/ Ewing, M., deBussy, N. and Ramaseshan, B. (2015), Integrated Marketing Communications: Conflicts of Interest, Politics and Performance, Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, pp. 265-272. Farris, P., Bendle, N., Pfeifer, P. and Reibstein, D. (2010), Marketing Metrics: The Definitive Guide to Measuring Marketing Performance. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Fearne, A. (2009), Sustainable Food and Wine Value Chain, Adelaide Thinker in Residence Report, [Online], Available at: https://www.thinkers.sa.gov.au/lib/pdf/Fearne_Final_ReportCopyforWeb.pdf FernÃÆ' ¡ndez, R. and Iniesta-Bonillo, M. (2007), The Concept of Perceived Value: A Systematic Review of the Research, Marketing Theory, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 427-451. Gamble, A., Thompson, Jr., A.J. Strickland III, John E. (2010). Crafting and executing strategy: the q uest for competitive advantage: concepts and cases (17th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Hallowell, R. (1996), The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: an empirical study, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp.27 42 Hennig-Thurau, T. and Klee, A. (1998), The Impact of Customer Satisfaction and Relationship Quality on Customer Retention: A Critical Reassessment and Model Development, Psychology Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 737-764. Kantar (2015), Tesco posts strongest performance in 18 months, [Online], Available at: https://uk.kantar.com/consumer/shoppers/2015/march-kantar-worldpanel-uk-grocery-share/ KPMG (2014), The future of the grocery sector in the UK, [Online], Available at: https://www.kpmg.com/uk/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/newsreleases/pages/the-future-of-the-grocery-sector-in-the-uk.aspx Leeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Kelley, L., Gilbert, D. and Mannicom, R. (2003), How eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ?CRM can enhance customer loyalty, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp.239 248 Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2010), Principles of Marketing, 13ed, Oxford: Pearson Prentice Hall. Porter, Michael E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. Cambridge: Free Press. Ruddick, G. (2015), Tesco leads the way as supermarket sales turned on their head, [Online], Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11460945/Tesco-leads-the-way-as-supermarket-sales-turned-on-their-head.html Rust, R. and Zahorik, A. (1993), Customer Satisfaction, Customer Retention and Market Share, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 193-215. Sweeney, J. and Soutar, G. (2001), Consumer Perceived Value: The Development of a Multi-item Scale, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 203-220. Tesco Clubcard (2015), [Online], Available at: https://www.tesco.com/clubcard/ Tesco Clubcard Perks (2015), [Online], Available at: https://www.tesco.com/clubcard/ financial-deals/ Tesco Direct, (2015), [Online], Available at: https://www.tesco.com/direct/click-and-collect/?icid=Floor%20Lamps_Click+Collect_186900029 Tesco Official website (2015), [Online], Available at: https://www.tesco.com/ Winterman, D. (2013), Tesco: How One Supermarket Came to Dominate, [Online], Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23988795 Zabkar, V., Mumel, D. and Vanita, N. (2015), Is Management Involvement in Integrated Marketing Communications Reasonable?, Advances in Advertising Research, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 283-294.

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The Great Wall Of China - 1641 Words

The Great Wall of China is known as the largest construction project to be put in effect in all of world history. The wall, also known in China as long wall of 10,000 li, is a collection of numerous short walls extending along the crest of hills on the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. Although it is a common misconception that the Great Wall of China is one long continuous wall, it s structural inconsistency in no way undermines its greatness. The wall has been built, destructed, rebuilt, and maintained for a massive amount of time dating back to the fifth century BC and has been worked upon through the 16th century AD. The wall is regarded as the world s largest human-made structure and stretches approximately 6,400 kilometers, or 4,000 miles. It also holds the record for largest human-structure ever made in terms of surface area and mass. The history of China and its ruling dynasties was quite sporadic, resulting in an amazing tale to be told for the coming about of China s mo st famous, interesting landmark. The construction of the Great Wall began and continued with intention to protect the northern borders of China s empires. This construction took place throughout the rule of successive dynasties. The wall was needed only to conceal China s northern borders because luckily the other three sides of China are protected by natural borders. These natural borders include the Himalayan Mountain range on the southern side, the Pacific Ocean in the east, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Wall Of China1196 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes modules of ________ so you can see the construction of _____ Today I am going to be presenting the Great Wall of China and what political and military reasons it was built for. The construction was a feat of great magnitude and reflected the innovations and technological advancements of the Ancient Chinese. The reason I have decided to focus upon the Ancient Chinese is because I find China a very interesting civilisation. The ancient Chinese civilisation began 7,000 to 8,000 years ago and aboutRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Great Wall] demonstrates the manifestation of the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people.†(cortland.edu). China is considered one of the world’s oldest civilizations with the first dynasty beginning in 221 B.C.. A famous icon of this great civilization is the Great Wall of China, or known to the Chinese as Wan Li Chang Cheng. During the Warring States period, many feudal societies built their own sections for security. Eventually the walls were connected and there was a unified China. 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Its official length is about 13,170 miles long, more than four times the width of the United States. The wall crosses over ten provinces and cities, including QinghaiRead MoreThe Great Wall of China600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Wall of China is an assemblage of smaller walls built by various dynasties over many years. Builders erected these walls for protection from invasions by those from the north. The Great Wall itself, with a history lasting over 2000 years, measures approximately 5,500 miles in length, although some of the sections lie in ruin or have disappeared altogether. It is about 25 feet high and is 15-30 feet wide. It is the longest man-made structure in the world. In the 7th century B.C. the firstRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China2440 Words   |  10 Pagescollectively achieve the objectives. The Great Wall of China is an example of the history of the success goal of organization. Ming dynasty, Zhengtong Emperor has forced approximately 2 to 3 millions labor to build the defense wall to protect the empire and also border control that could encourage trade. With the Zhengtong Emperor led the organization of collective effort of the people, the result is 8851.8 kilometers of defense wall, with combined of previous built great wall is 21,196 kilometers, becomingRead MoreEssay on The Great Wall of China1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China is one of the greatest architectural achievements ever recorded in history. The Great Wall translates to â€Å"long fortress.† The wall was made entirely by hand. It was built to protect the Chinese from intruders from different Nomadic Tribes. The wall is about 5,500 miles long. The wall did not stretch across all of China but it stretched from Shanhaiguan in the East to Lop Nur in the West. Some people say that you can even see the wall from the moon! Wouldn’t that be somethingRead More The Great Wall of China Essay2903 Words   |  12 PagesThe Great Wall of China To the northwest and north of Beijing, a huge, serrated wall zigzags its way to the east and west along the undulating mountains. This is the Great Wall, which is said to be visible from the moon. This massive wall has not only been one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, but it has also been inspiration for many artists, and writers. The building of the Great Wall is one of the biggest tragedies, but through this tragedy arose triumph with the wall, being soRead MoreGreat Wall of China Essay example1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China stretches about 5,500 miles long crossing deserts, mountains, grasslands, and plateaus. It took more than 2,000 years to build this incredible manmade structure. Many people died to build this wall. It displays the changes between the agricultural and nomadic civilizations. It proves that the superb structure was very important to military defense. It became a national symbol of the Chinese as a security for their country and its p eople. The Great Wall of China must be preservedRead MoreGreat Wall of China Report Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is truly one of the greatest architectural achievements in recorded history. The longest structure ever built, it is about 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles) long and made entirely by hand. This wall is said to be visible from the moon. It crosses Northern China, from the East coast to Central China (Karls, 1). This massive wall is not only one of the ancient wonders of the world, but it also has been the inspiration of many writers and artists. With

Dance Essay Example For Students

Dance Essay The lights dim, the orchestra begins to warm up, the rustling of paper can be heard, and then the curtain rises. The performance begins with an overture, a prelude to what will happen. Suddenly, the star ballerina appears on stage. She is beautiful and the audience claps vigorously for her. At the end of the show, she receives flowers and massive amounts of applause. Every little girl in the audience wants to be the ballerina on stage that was just seen. How does a little girl fulfill her dream of becoming a professional ballerina? What are the steps she must take in order to be on a stage gaining recognition one day? First, a dancer must be classically trained. Normally dancers study for at least five years before going on stage in even the smallest role. All of the steps and rules must be learned from the persons teacher. Many girls begin at the age of three or four whereas boys generally start lessons at the age of nine or ten. Ballet is a very strict form of dance, and provides the child with a great amount of discipline and dedication. Dedication to ballet, or dance in general, is required to become a professional dancer. The dancer must practice every day with the attitude of professionalism in mind. During the awkward teenage years, only the people who are meant to be dancers will pull through. The middle years are difficult to maintain the dedication with the other temptations available to the youth. Depending on the girls dancing ability, a girl may receive a minor role in a large ballet production around the age of fifteen. Performing makes a dancer realize whether or not she wants to continue with dance for the remainder of her life. Being on a stage either gives the dancer a love or a hatred for the art. When the dancer has a hatred for dance, she normally quits dance altogether. The first role a dancer receives in a professional ballet company is that of an apprentice. An apprentice makes minimal pay in comparison to the other dancers. The apprenticeship usually lasts for at least two years or until the company feels the dancer is ready to progress. The apprentice gets paid approximately fifty to one hundred dollars a week. Most apprentices are forced to take other jobs because of their financial situations. The next promotion after apprentice is a member of the corps de ballet. The corps performs in the back of the stage. There are between twenty and thirty members of the corps de ballet. Corps members receive a pay increase in addition to a portion of expenses. Ballet shoes are included in expenses. A member of the corps is then advanced to a soloist. A soloist receives the same benefits as a corps member, but has a slight increase in pay. Soloists perform small solo roles during a major production such as Swan Lake or Sleeping Beauty. The soloist might have more than one role in a ballet. A principal dancer is the last classification. A principal receives a generous amount of pay. Principals attain health benefits in the case of injuries. The company pays for all shoes and dance supplies. Principals sign a two-year contract and they are required to uphold their contract. Dance is like any other job. Promotions must be earned like in any other business. Dancers usually retire around the age of thirty. Most former dancers are currently teachers, so the classical training can continue.

Social Learning Theory in Relation to Gender Development free essay sample

Describe SLT explanations for gender (You MUST focus on gender, not just SLT in general)Social learning theorists such as Bandura believe that all behaviour is learnt. In regards to gender development, SL theorists believe society trains individuals how to act in accordance with societys expectations of males and females. The reason boys and girls behave differently is because they are treated differently. Other peoples expectations of how the child should behave is dependent on their sex, shapes the behaviour of the child. SLT emphasises the importance of observation and reinforcement in the development of behaviour and attitudes. An individual seeks to determine what behaviour and beliefs are appropriate to display. Through observing role models and imitating their behaviour, followed by reinforcement by significant individuals in the childs life, the child will learn a new behaviour or attitude considered sex appropriate, If that behaviour is not reinforced, or is punished, the behaviour will not be learnt. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Learning Theory in Relation to Gender Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, a boy may identify with a group of boys of the same age playing football. The boy will imitate that behaviour and also play football. The behaviour will be reinforced through acceptance by his peers. This football playing behaviour will be learnt. By observing reinforcement in others, behaviour can also be learned. For example, if Carol sees Julie display a certain behaviour, and also sees Julie reinforced for that behaviour, Carol is more likely to imitate and therefore learn that behaviour. Summarise a piece of evidence to support SLTUsing the experimental method, Bandura arranged for boys and girls to witness a short television programme in which children of a similar age behaved aggressively towards a toy doll called a Bobo doll. There were three films, each with a different outcome. A- positive outcome. B- An adult made a critical comment to the aggressive behaviour. C- Nothing happened about the behaviour. The results showed that even though the children were exposed to the same behaviour, boys showed high levels of imitation and girls showed low levels of imitation and were particularly influenced by negative comments. | Explain why it is evidenceThis is evidence because it shows that boys were influenced by gender stereotypes and were more aggressive than the girls as they were more violent towards the Bobo doll where as girls were much less aggressive and were much more reserved, they were better behaved and this matched female stereotypes of being timid and less aggressive then males. | However.. .We dont know if there was anything previous to the experiment which could have affected the way that the children behaved towards the Bobo doll such as watching a violent act before the experiment or parental influences which could have caused them to already have internalised an aggressive or passive behaviour. This would mean that environmental situations have affected the experiment making it less reliable. | Summarise a piece of evidence to support SLTMartin and Halverson 1983 Using the experimental method, the researchers showed five and six year old children pictures of carrying out activities.Sometimes these activities were schema consistent (for example a girl playing with a doll) and sometimes the they were schema inconsistent (for example a girl playing with a gun). The results found that when the pictures were tested a week late the children were able to remember schema consistent images better and then when schema inconsistent images were recalled they were often distor ted so that the expected sex was remembered as carrying out the activity (for example, children recalled a boy playing with a gun rather than a girl). Explain why it is evidenceIt shows that children do use schemas to help them make sense of their world. They will sometimes use schemas to reorganise information so that it is consistent with their view of gender even if it is not accurate. | However It may be that the students have generalised the activitys specifically shown to be either male and female and if other activities were shown then the results may have differed. They also had the week in between so it also shows more of a memory test and some students could have paid more attention than other which could have influenced what they remembered.It was only done in one classroom meaning that it is a biased piece of information limited only to the pupils in the classroom they were tested in. this is a problem as the pupils cant be used to generalise the behaviours of other people. The social learning theory suggests that if a child is punished for doing something wrong then the behaviour in not internalised, however this is not always the case and sometimes children still repeat the same behaviours even after being punished for doing so. This shows that the social learning theory cant be used as a concrete method. |

Suport Highway Essays - 2600 The Hacker Quarterly, Kevin Mitnick

Suport Highway The textbook, Management of Information Technology, defines the information super highway as, An installed intelligent workstation for office and professional workers in most organizations to connect via the local area network (LAN) or to other nets or to large computer data stores through servers that function as message-switching and message processing systems. (Frenzel, 1999, p.14). The books continues and identifies a subject by the name of Kevin Mitnick who was arrested on February 15, 1995, for sleuthing on the information highway. This paper will portray the events leading up to the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Mitnick, 31, described by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, (FBI), as the Nations Most Wanted Computer Hacker, was arrested in his home on February 15, 1995. Mitnick, as described by Forbes Magazine is, A recreational hacker with a compulsive-obsessive relationship to information. He hoarded information, never sold it, and wouldnt even share it with his friends.(published in 1999). What lead up to the arrest and incarceration of Mitnick is described below. Kevin David Mitnick was cyberspace's most wanted hacker. Mitnick could launch missiles or cripple the world's financial markets with a single phone call - or so went the myth. The FBI, phone companies, bounty hunters, even fellow hackers pursued him over the Internet and through cellular airways. Tsutomo Shimomura, a computational physicist was on vacation when he discovered that someone infiltrated the computers near San Diego, California, and stole several intelligence files. Shimomura became even more involved with the case when the infiltrator tapped into Shimomuras voice mail system and left him a computer-altered message. Companies. The attack clearly infuriated the wrong person. (Frenzel, 199, p.441). Throughout the month of January 1995 and into February 1995, Shimomura and his team of computer sleuths monitored the hackers every movestill uncertain who the infiltrator was. On February 9th, the team moved to Netcom where they set up equipment to capture the hackers every move . (p.441). On February 13th, 1995, telephone technicians and Shimomura followed the hackers telephone signals and identified an apartment complex near the airport. The following day, investigators had tracked the calls to an actual address and obtained a warrant to search the residence. FBI agents arrested Mitnick who was charged with computer fraud and illegal use of a telephone access device. Mitnick was charged in North Carolina with 23 counts of access device fraud for his activities shortly before his arrest. In order to expedite his return to California, he agreed to plead guilty to one count and have his case consolidated in Los Angeles. In California, he was charged with an additional 25 counts of access device, wire, and computer fraud. On March 16, 1999, Mitnick plead guilty to five of these counts and two additional counts from the Northern District of California. He was sentenced to 46 months and three years probation, to be served in addition to eight months for his Nor th Carolina plea and 14 months for his probation violation. He was released from prison on January 21, 2000, being eligible for early release after serving almost 60 months of his 68 month sentence. (http://www.takedown.com/). . WORKS CITED http://www.takedown.com/ Frenzel, Carol., Management Information Technology, International Tompson Publishing, Cambridge, 1999. Forbes Magazine, 1991. Bibliography WORKS CITED http://www.takedown.com/ Frenzel, Carol., Management Information Technology, International Tompson Publishing, Cambridge, 1999. Forbes Magazine, 1991. Business Essays

Imagination in Heroics of Odysseus and Don Quixote Essays

Imagination in Heroics of Odysseus and Don Quixote Essays Imagination in Heroics of Odysseus and Don Quixote Paper Imagination in Heroics of Odysseus and Don Quixote Paper Essay Topic: Don Quixote Book I Fight Club Novel Literature The most respected and venerated social group in ancient times and middle ages were that of the heroic warriors, knights, and kings. The view of what it is to be a hero is winning honor through combat and in a competitive situation. A hero would be someone who has great fighting skill and would even dare to risk death to have honor. The heroes were the people who would lead their armies or fellow knights into battle and won accolades for their courage displayed on the battlefield. On the other hand, the cowardly were subjected to strong prejudice. Their existence was considered a burden on the earth and they were ignored and ridiculed by everyone. This noble characteristic is evident in the Odyssey by Homer and Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes. Both the authors draw different characteristics of what it means to be a hero in different ways. In the Odyssey, mere fighting skill does not necessarily mean that Odysseus was the hero. Rather, we see a man who is very shrewd and cunning. Although he is a brilliant fighter, he also shows restraint and mercy. On the other hand, Don Quixote was not a born hero like Odysseus. He is deluded by chivalric ideas of heroism and valor and sets out to reform the world along with his sensible companion Sancho Panza. Both the heroes are from two very different times of the world but both of them tried to conquer the world with their heroic acts. Its not just their heroic acts that set them as two of the most renowned heroes of all time; its also their imagination or ability to conjure things that makes them stand out. But in comparison, imagination is the key which makes Don Quixote as the hero where imagination just adds a dimension to Odysseus character that rules him along with other traits. Heroes are renowned for their abundance of qualities that enable them to conquer any problem. Odysseus, from The Odyssey, is no different. He represents the heroic ideals of Ancient Greece, and is revered for his perseverance, intelligence, and leadership abilities. Greek heroes were the people who saved people; they were courageous wise and had fighting spirit. But apart from all, all the Greek heroes used to be favored by the divine gods. Odysseus holds almost all the heroic qualities. But he was not always favored by the good gods in his decade long voyage as stated by The Study Club (1922)- As a hero, Odysseus, it is true, ranks far below Achilles, but he is a much greater figure one who can endure without despair, even the disfavor of the gods and can by strength of will and the guidance of reason eventually triumph against unbelievable odds (p. 115). So, if it was not the help of the gods or if was not only his strength and power, what was it that helps him to survive such a long journey? It was his wit, it was his imaginary that saved in many occasion. It not only saved him, it also distinguishes him from many other Greek heroes who are remembered for their muscles, not for their brains. Odysseus departure from Troy is the beginning of his long heroic adventure. What of those years of rough adventure, weathered under Zeus? (Book 1)- This quote depicts not only the rough times Odysseus will have on his journey, but also reveals that Zeus will watch over him. Odysseus will cross the threshold and go to places from where no one has returned before. On the island of the Cyclops Odysseus exhibits his abilities, as he developed a plan to escape the Cyclops cave. Odysseus has this plan and utilizes it. He and most of his men escape the cave unharmed. This symbolized the escape from the belly of the whale (Anthony, 1972). Throughout his journey, Odysseus receives some help from supernatural powers, which aid him to fulfill the heroic voyage. Aeolus, the god of winds Presents Odysseus with a bag, filled with all the bad winds. Although this was a great help to Odysseus, it did not last long. Odysseus also had help from other gods and goddesses. But it was his own skill that helped Odysseus to pass the obstacles one after another. He becomes the first to ever pass the island of the sirens unharmed. He does not carry away with the lovely seductive songs of the sirens. The men filled their ears with wax and only Odysseus, who was tied to the mast, was able to hear the tempting songs. As they passed the island, Odysseus screamed to be free, but the men would not free him. It was a temptation that Odysseus keeps in check through foresight and imagination. Similarly, when Odysseus and his crews are trapped in the cage of Cyclops, he again uses his intelligence. He realizes that he cannot defeat the one-eyed monster with his sword and muscle. Rather, he opted to wait for the opportune moment and outwit Cyclops. When asked his name, Odysseus told Polyphemus that his name is Nobody. Odysseus feeds the Cyclops some wine, which made him fall asleep. Then Odysseus and his crew took a large burning timber and blinded the Cyclops. After hearing his cries, Polyphemuss neighbors, other one-eyed monsters come running to the cave. Polyphemus yelled to his neighbors through the stone door, Nobody is killing me! Nobody has blinded me! (Book IX) The neighbors dismissed his cries and return to their own caves. Here, at first when Odyssey disguises himself as Nobody, it seems there I no real significance in this. But finally it comes out as the trick that makes Polyphemus stranded and isolated when other Cyclops thinks that he is just too drunk and went insane. Similar treatment is received by Circe, the sorceress, as Odysseus knew that she is too strong for him and if he does not counter her with his intelligence, he will turn into pigs along with his crews. Therefore, he again waits for the opportune moment and when it is there, he puts his sword on her throat and makes his way out. Again when he returns to Ithaca, he does not just go back to home. He is very much aware that things are not the same as he left them. There are suitors around here and many of them are ready to kill him and throw him out of his throne. Instead, Odysseus disguised himself as a beggar and starts to gain reliable companions. Finally, when Penelope arranges the contest, suspecting the beggar is none but his long lost husband; Odysseus again proves he is superior to the suitors and kills all of them one by one. And it does not end here since he realized he and his family is still not out of danger as the companions of the dead suitors will look for revenge and finally he triumphs over them as well. In any other story of epic, the hero would have not taken all this trouble of hide and seek play. They would have rather come straight to confront their opponents and beat them after a fierce battle and triumph. It is the wit, intelligence and the vision that distinguish him from many other epic heroes. In contrast to Odysseus, Don Quixote is not just another epic hero. He is not a youthful and strong knight or warrior who goes to a battle, fight fiercely and conquers them eventually. He is rather a man who has passed the prime of youth and now living in his middle ages. He has never gone to any battle or knight-errant, neither does he has any prior experience to fight. In Don Quixotes time, reading was the only entertainment in the home. Most people werent very well educated anyway so some could not tell the difference between pretend and reality. That is probably why people who read the bible took it so literally. The clergymen were more educated and knew how to take advantage of the people. People were so afraid of what it had to say; they did whatever it said so they would be doing well (Madariaga, 1928). Don Quixote did the same thing as those religious people. He believes exactly what he read. Unfortunately for him, those books were outdated; there were no knights in armor anymore. He convinced a less educated man to come with him on his travels. His squire is not as educated but he has good common sense. So, Don Quixote is actually the story of how an ordinary man becomes a hero even with his silly and foolish deeds. In medieval times, knights roamed the countryside of Europe, rescuing people and vanquishing evil lords and enchanters. This may sound absurd to many people in this time, but what if a person read so many books about these so-called knight-errants that he could not determine the real from that which was read? Such is the case in The Adventures of Don Quixote which takes place sometime in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Don Quixote is not really a don at all. He is a wealthy, intelligent farmer who read too many books about knight-errantry and goes crazy. He convinced a simple-minded peasant named Sancho to become his squire, promising him wealth and a high spot in society. Together they go for many adventures, both are convinced that they are doing brave and honorable acts of chivalry, when they are only two fools running around the countryside. Interesting part about Don Quixote is that his entire adventure is based upon his imagination. He lives in his own utopia where he sees everything from a great knights perspective, though the knights are long gone. He imagines himself as one of the great knights and vows to take the mission to rescue mankind. In his one of his adventures, he comes across a man named Juan Haldudo lashing his shepherd boy and thinks Haldudo is an evil knight. He challenges the farmer and makes him swear by the code of chivalry that he will pay all the accrued wages of the boy. Let all the world stand still if all the world does not confess that there is not in all the world a fairer damsel than the Empress of La Mancha, the peerless Dulcinea of El Toboso this is his announcement when he see a group of merchants and assumes that they are knights. The merchants think Don is crazed and he receives a beating from them. Again when Don comes across the giant windmills, he imagines them into evil giants. Despite his squires caution that they are harmless wind machines, he charges and one of the circling vanes knocks him out. When he realizes that these are windmills, he starts to believe that a magician must have turned the giants into windmills to thwart his heroic attack. The entire adventure of Don Quixote is based upon his imagination. He just does not seem to see things straight. Once he even attacks a funeral procession escorting a litter draped in black. He believes the litter holds the body of a wounded or slain knight who was the victim of villainy. He thinks the inns as castle and the giant turns out to be the innkeepers goatskins of wine. After many other eventful adventures, all which are something extravagant according to Dons illusion, finally he is beaten by a real knight and draws an end to his knight-errand. But he switches from one form to another- he now wants to be a shepherd and wants to live his life under the sky. He begins to think a shepherds life is a life that has appeal. Although the adventures of Don Quixote seem very stupid in nature outwardly, there are several factors which bear great value. Through his imaginary adventures, Don Quixote upholds the moral idealism. Even though he is mad, he realizes that there are eternal, unchanging values that remain valid in a modern, ever-changing world (Bell, 1947). Interestingly, throughout the novel, the character of Don Quixote remains a puzzle. Sometimes even it appears that behind his every mission, he has a vision. Liberty, Sancho, my friend, is one of the most precious gifts that Heaven has bestowed on mankind or Sanity may be madness but the maddest of all is to see life as it is and not as it should- this quotes suggests that may be he is deliberately trying to be a fool. Through his imagination, maybe he is trying to point out the lack of justice that prevails in the society. If we look at the use of imagination in both Odysseus and Don Quixote, we will actually find Don Quixote is the one who is dominated by his imagination a lot more than Odysseus. In fact Don Quixotes idea of realism seems to be in zero level in comparison to that of Odysseus. Odysseus is a seasoned hero who fought in numerous battles and is knowledgeable enough to know when to use the power of sword and when to use the might of his intelligence. In contrast, Don Quixote seems to be content with his own vision. He sees the world as he reads them in the book. To him the world is still threatened by the evil people and wicked knights and he must be acted as a savior. In fact, the imagination ruled Don Quixote so much that Sobre (1976) stated Don Quixote is a perfect example of created reality. The character Don Quixote is real, and he lives in a real world, but everything that he sees is exaggerated in his mind. He engages in so many adventures that he is convinced that he is doing brave and honorable acts of chivalry, when he is only a silly man running around the countryside. Odysseus on the other hand is very unlike Don Quixote and many heroes who seem invincible. They have no life, no feelings, no weaknesses. Odysseus feels pain, frustration and grief but at the same time his family and friends and those relationships and emotions are what make him like every person. He is brave and strong person, who is also very human. And above all its his ability to read a situation and use of his imaginative power to sort the best out of it. A large number of his adventures show his cool and calm nature and clear vision that makes him unlike most of the Greek epic heroes. So, we find here two different characters with two different attitudes to the world. Where Odysseus seems very practical and goal oriented, Don Quixote on the contrary is very much like a child and often seems very bizarre as a hero due to his uncanny behaviors. However, its the use of the imagination that actually draws the line of distinction between their heroics. Odysseus lives and conquers in a world where the daemons live along with the evil people and he fights them all with his might and wit. But Don Quixote has actually created a world which does not really exist in reality; it exists only in his dreams.

#1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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My Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education has evolved from working with students and different educational programs.   In order to have a philosophy on education, the term education should be defined.   Education is a process that involves reasoning and synthesizing new concepts and information.   Education does not take place in confined boundaries.   Education should be a continual growth process.   For the purposes of this essay, the primary focus will be on my philosophy of education within the framework of the school systems.   Throughout my experiences with education, I have developed a sense of the important purposes of education.   A holistic curriculum should be an important component of education.   Teachers should strive to integrate different subject areas into their area of expertise.   This provides students with a basis for creating a big picture perspective of their surroundings.   As a result, students will be better equipped to function in the interdependent world.   One of the basic purposes of education is the introduction of ideas and information ...

A Literature Review About Mecication Errors Essay

Introduction An error rate of 5% is acceptable in most industries, however, in the health care industry; one single error can result in death. (Berntsen, 2004, p5) This paper discusses medication errors in relation to pharmacology and drug treatment. It will summarize three academic peer reviewed journal articles, followed by general information in relation to medication errors, the impact of medication errors on client care, strategies to prevent medication errors  and conclude with the relationship to nursing. Summary of Articles Related to Medication Errors. The first article is by Karin Berntsen, 2004, and is entitled â€Å"How Far Has Health Care Come Since ‘To Err is Human’? Exploring Use of Medical Error Data†. This is a review of what changes have been made since a medication error report written by the Institute of Medicine was published in 1999. This article depicts how the health care system has changed since this 1999 report was written, and how the information was utilized for our benefit. They concluded that in the USA, medical errors were one of the top 8 leading causes of death. They reported the cost for these errors was between $17 Billion to $29 billion dollars. Until a new report is completed, health care providers will be unaware whether their goals in increasing patient safety were accomplished. The article finalizes that there has been progress in regards to prevention of medication errors and health care leaders feel passionate about increasing patient safety. (Berntsen 2004) The second article is by William N. Kelly, 2004, and is titled â€Å"Medication Errors: Lessons Learned and Actions Needed† and highlights the death of a one year old child who was diagnosed with cancer. She subsequently died, not from the cancer, but from receiving an incorrect dosage of a drug that she was being treated with. This report indicates that medications are systematically checked and balanced and errors are usually caught before a drug is administered to a patient. The article states that problems are not being solved in a timely manner since the industry has been â€Å"putting ‘band aids’ on problems that need ‘major surgery’.(Kelly 2004). In conclusion, the article questions whether or not they are taking the right approach in preventing errors. Many people are trying to fix this problem however; errors are still made too frequently. (Kelly 2004) The final article is by Rosemary M. Preston, 2004, and is titled â€Å"Drug Errors and Patient Safety: A Need for Change in Practice†. This article presents that errors continue to happen for many reasons. It concentrates upon calculations errors, lack of knowledge of drugs, over/under dosing drugs,  interactions with drugs and food, and legalities regarding drug administration. It also presents recommendations to minimize the risk of drug errors with good communication and honesty. The article closes by stating that â€Å"nurses should never estimate the skills needed for safe administration of medicines.† (Preston 2004) Key aspects: medication errors and their causes. To understand the impact that medication errors have on a patient, we have to understand what a medication error is. According to Health Canada online, a medication error is defined as: Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labelling, packaging, and nomenclature; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use.† [Developed for use by the National Coordinating Council on Medication Error Reporting and Prevention]( http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Medication errors occur for a variety of reasons. An error can affect all areas of a health care facility from health care management, staff, physicians, pharmacy and especially patients. Studies have indicated that errors will usually occur when the staff demonstrates signs of fatigue, stress, are over-worked or encounter frequent interruptions and distractions. When physicians display bad handwriting, ineffective communication with patients, and do not educate staff and patients effectively, a medication error is more likely to happen. Poor management can result in more medication errors when there is an emphasis on volume, over service quality. This results in inadequate staffing and disorganization. Medication errors affect all components of the health care environment. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) Impact on client care. As disturbing as it sounds, one miniscule error can result in a patient’s injury or can even lead to their death. According to the American Journal of Medicine, statistics reveal that â€Å"more than two million American hospitalized patients suffered a serious adverse drug reaction in relation to injury within the 12-month period and, of these, over 100,000 died as a result.† http://www4.nationalacademies.org/news) Death and injury is a sad reality to any single error. The government established six rights of drug administration to prevent medication errors and ensure accuracy. These six rights include: Right drug, right dose, Right client, right route, right time and right documentation. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Injuries that result from a medication error are called adverse drug events. Usually, these unpleasant effects can be eliminated and injury can be avoided. However, every drug produces harmful side effects, but the severities of these effects vary from individual to individual. These side effects also depend on the drug and the dose given. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Health care professionals must report all errors and are accountable for their actions. No matter how insignificant, nurses are taught to document and report all mistakes. When statistics show what types of errors are made, an analysis can be done. This analysis can be used to plan ways to prevent them medication errors. (Berntsen, 2004)When a nurse does not report a mistake, the probability that it will happen again will increase. Medication errors have a huge impact on client care. They can result in death, injury, and result in unwanted effects of drugs. It is our responsibility as nurses to comply with the clients’ six rights of drug administration, to prevent errors from taking place. Strategies to prevent medication errors. There are many efficient ways to prevent nurses from making an error. To ensure patient safety in all aspects of client care, nurses are taught to think critically, and to problem solve. Nurses use critical thinking to ensure safe, knowledgeable, nursing performance and they must be able to keep up with updated health facts by constantly educating themselves with new information. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Critical thinking assists in the prevention of medication errors. The six rights in drug administration help prevent medication errors from occurring. It is important to maintain the highest standards of practice of these rights for a drug to be prepared properly. Failure to adhere to any one of these rights will definitely result in a medication error. (Clayton & Stock, 2004) Take your time when preparing medications and research any unknown drugs. Rushing should be avoided when preparing, administering and reading medication labels. Proper research must be done before an unfamiliar drug is administered it to a client. Even when in a rushed emergency situation, drugs should be looked at carefully to know the correct concentration and name of the drug, to prevent injury. (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Labels should be read carefully and accurately. Before a drug is given to a patient, three checks should be done to ensure you are giving the proper drug and dose. In a situation where you are unsure of a drug order, you are expected to refuse the order and clarify it by law. If an individual is unfamiliar with a particular drug, the drug should not be given. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) When a label is unclear, do not try not to examine the drug order yourself. Do not ask an associate, or ask for anyone else’s interpretation of the drug. To get the correct information, contact the individual who ordered the drug to clarify the label. In order to decrease the chances of error, verify all unclear hand writing, abbreviations, decimal points, decimal places and dosages. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) Use of dosage abbreviations should not be used to avoid drug miscalculations. Dosage abbreviations are misinterpreted more often, than any other type of abbreviation. Using standardized abbreviations, would assist in preventing misinterpretation of abbreviations. (Preston 2004) A drug check should be done three times prior to the administration of a drug. The drug label should correspond with the physician’s orders. The three checks should be done; â€Å"Before removing the drug from the shelf or dosage cart, before preparing or measuring the actual prescribed dose, and before replacing the drug on the shelf or before opening a unit dose container, just before administering a dose to a patient.† (Clayton & Stock, 2004) Do not make assumptions regarding drugs. Physicians, pharmacists, make mistakes and other parts of the health system may be flawed. For example, when documentation shows the patient has no drug allergy, it is wrongful to assume the patient will have no adverse reaction to a new drug. This could result in detrimental results to a client’s health. Therefore no assumptions should ever me made. (http://www.ismp.org-/ToolsAllina-Orientation.html) A quiet environment for preparing medications will prevent prescription errors from occurring. Sometimes, nurses are repeatedly interrupted when preparing a medication. Distractions interfere with processing information and decision making. Errors will least likely occur when preparations are done when there are no distractions. (http://www.ismp.org-/ToolsAllina-Orientation.html) When preventing errors, staff must be certain all dosage calculations are correct and clarified. It may be beneficial to ask a colleague to assist you in checking doses, to minimize the chance of miscalculations. Other suggestions to minimize error include; â€Å"making pre-calculated conversion cards, always use a leading zero before a decimal, never use a zero after the decimal and include indications whenever possible. Miscalculations are preventable if proper methods of inspecting calculations are used.† (Preston  2004, p.72) Assess for the effects of drugs to avoid harming a client. A client must be assessed before and after a drug is given. For instance, before giving an oral medication, assess whether the client can swallow or feels nauseated. An appropriate follow up should be done after a medication is administered. It is important to check if the client experienced the desired effect of the drug. Significant abnormal responses to drug should be reported to the physician. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Conclusion. To finalize this assignment, medication errors are mistakes that can cause harm to patients and can even result in death. The articles that have been summarized illustrate situations where medication errors have occurred and review what the health care industry is doing to prevent errors. A medication error is preventable and errors can be caused by a variety of reasons. This paper has discussed the impact medication errors have on client care and strategies of how to prevent errors from occurring. As a nurse, this knowledge will assist me in keeping beneficence a priority for client care. References Clayton, Bruce D., BS, RPh, PharmD, and Yvonne N. Stock, MS, BSN, RN. Basic Pharmacology for Nurses. 13th ed. United States of America: Mosby, 2004. Government of Canada Online. (2004, Summer). Retrieved July 18, 2004, from Health Canada Web site: (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Kelly, William N. â€Å"Medication Errors.† Professional Safety 49: 35. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Assiniboine Community College. 22 July 2004 . Government of Canada Online. (2004, Summer). Retrieved July 18, 2004, from Health Canada Web site: (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Kozier & Erb, Barbara, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Minimizing Medication Errors. (n.d.). In NAPRA: National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities. Retrieved July 17, 2004, from NAPRA: National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities Web site: http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157/166.asp Preston, Rosemary M. â€Å"Drug errors and patients safety: the need for a change in practice.† British Journal of Nursing (BJN) 13: 72. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Assiniboine Community College. 22 July 2004 .